Comments and Reactions on 2014 SONA Essay

July 28, 2014, President Benigno S. Aquino, delivered his fifth State of the Nation Address and tackled the matters for government’s contribution in terms of education, health services, defense, public works and many more. The President first mentioned about the controversial â€Å"Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP)†, and still convince his bosses (Filipinos) of the good achievements of DAP. As an example, he cited Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) as an example, and furthen even showed video clips of those TESDA graduates who have now better lives because of their scholarship. He also highligted some of the accomplishments of the administration which involves the following: the Expanded Conditional Cash Transfer of Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), which is now extended when the benefeciaries reached eighteen (18) years of age, not only after the completeion of high school; the broader scope of Sin Tax Bill, which help our country increase its budget without increasing other taxes; see more:sona 2017 reaction On the labor sector, it has been noticeable that there is sudden decrease in the number of strikes due to the improved conciliation and mediation of labor cases by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE); In the infrastructure, the President acknowledged the improved system of the Department of Public Works and Highways, that leads to lesser of corruption within the bidders and contractors which lead to faster delivery of service and resulted to P28 Billion savings and road projects for the Filipinos. I have my personal omments as I watched nd read the content of the said SONA, as follows: There is no admission of any problems encountered by our country. As we heard the President, it seems that everything went well for the Philippines. I partially agree and gave credit to our present Administration for all its efforts to improve our economy, fight corruption and improve the rotten system of the government. However, in the SONA, there is no admission of any problems and issues encountered of the country and this Aquino Administration, or if he can promise not to have another DAP and Pork Barrel Scam in his administration. On the other hand, I agree with the way the President delivered his SONA, in a softer and calm way. Also, good job for no more attacking words and pointing fingers for the previous leaders administration. Further I am looking not only for the  achievements of this country during Aquino administration but but also for the concrete plans and continuity of what he has started, and think those matters were missing in the SONA. To conlude my reaction, I can say that I am satisfied with the content of President Aquino’s SONA, let us not be so dependent on what the government and the President can and cannot offer us, more importantly let us focus on improving ourselves first, the way we will not be a burden, but as assets and contributors to the growth of this count ry.

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester Essay

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester. Manchester at that time was an industrial town. There were lots of working class people like there is today as well as poverty. The play is about a mother and daughter relationship, Helen and Jo, their problems and their attempts to cope with life. The play is controversial because Helen is a semi-whore which at that time was maybe wasn’t unusual, but wasn’t acceptable. She is divorced and a single parent, according to statistics in 1958 1 in 100 marriages ends in divorce. It was difficult to get divorced and divorce was frowned upon. In the 1950’s single parents were a ‘tiny’ minority of the population because divorce at that time was uncommon. Helen had Jo at a young age. The community would of thought bad about Helen. Conversation between Helen is like verbal sparring. Helen is very self-centred. Jo becomes increasing central to action. Helen is a whore, she goes out for sex in return for money. She is thoughtless, poor and unromantic. We can tell this from act 1 scene 1 because she only thinks about herself, she is need of money and she doesn’t marry for romance, but for money. This shows she is poor and unromantic. Jo is argumentative, mature and responsible at times She is arrogant, she can get angry, she has feelings. Jo is also stubborn, poor, serious, negative, insecure and self-sufficient. The flat is in a poor condition. When Helen and Jo go in to the flat, Jo’s first impression is bad. She doesn’t like it. † well! this is the place† â€Å"and I don’t like it† This quotation shows us that she doesn’t like the flat. Helen says that â€Å"that’s all I can afford† This shows us that Helen is poor. They have to share the bathroom with the community (the people in the building). This takes away a source of privacy. It is very cold and has no heating. â€Å"God! it’s freezing† Helen and Jo have to share one bedroom and even worse they have to share one bed. This has effect on the audience, they surely know now that Helen is poor. This shows Helen and Jo don’t have there own space. The view out of the window is appalling. A slaughter house and gas works which Helen seems to think of it as a very good thing. She say’s â€Å"there’s a lovely view of the gasworks†, but Jo doesn’t approve of it. She say’s â€Å"It will smell in the summer†. â€Å"I wonder what it’ll be like here in the summer? It’ll smell†. Helen is just trying to make best of the situation. The window is in a poor state as well. It is giving out a cold draught. The light bulb has no shade, which Jo doesn’t approve of. She puts her scarf around it. Jo: â€Å"Can I have that chair Helen? I’ll put my scarf around it† Jo is trying to sort things out. There is a reversal in role. Helen say’s she will get one the next day, but there is no evidence that she does get it the next day. Jo is acting like a mother. She has to be independent as her mother doesn’t look after her. This shows us that Helen is short of money and also is not very domesticated and does not act like a typical mother. The flat is a total ruin. The stage directions have a big effect on the audience. There are right acts happening at all times, that gives the play a good atmosphere. The audience see that Helen and Jo are just so argumentative which shows real life. The lightning is dim and dark which causes tension in the audience. There is jazz music in the background which makes the play look all loud which is right because the play is loud most of the time due to the dislikes and arguments of Helen and Jo. Also jazz music was associated with working class and has black influences. This was a little suppressive. The characters in act 1 scene 1 Helen, Jo and Peter are always in close conversation. They are always on the right track when talking. The play is centred around conversation rather then action. This gives an everyday life feel to it. All three characters are argumentative as well. Jo and Helen mostly because as mother and daughter they are constantly arguing. Jo has a lot of dislikes; she is completely different. Helen doesn’t bother about anything, she gets money for sex and then wastes it on unnecessary things when really, she should be looking after her daughter Jo. Peter enters near the end of the scene. He is the man who Helen had previously left. He is a brash car salesman. He has come back for Helen which means he is after more sex and Helen is after more money. Peter has a dislike for Jo who is trying to ruin his relationship with Helen. Peter enters the scene as a typical salesman. He is smartly dressed and has a cigar in his mouth. He has come back for Helen, but unfortunately Jo turns him away. Peter acts all posh and rich after looking at the state of the flat and at the tenements, cemetery and slaughter house. Peter is offering to marry Helen, who is in turn is old enough to be his. We can tell this because it say’s in the book. There is a lot of conflict between Peter and Jo as she doesn’t want him interfering with her mother. There is a lot of conflict between Jo and Helen all throughout the scene for various reasons. Helen isn’t looking after Jo as she really should. The scene ends by Peter leaving and Helen and Jo talking properly about one thing which they haven’t done all through out act 1 scene 1. They have a typical mother and daughter chat in which Jo admits to being scared of the dark, but Helen comforts her by saying you shouldn’t be scared of the dark. A Taste of Honey is a typical kitchen and sink drama because there are poor surroundings. The everyday language is different. There are constant conflicts and arguments which causes tension and all the action takes place in one room. A Taste Of Honey surely doesn’t reflect real life.

Rice Seeds

Table 1 Shoot and root length of a dicot and a monocot seedling Shoot Length (cm)| Root length (cm)| | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Average| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Average| Day 1| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Day 2| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1. 1| 1. 0| 1. 2| 1. 0| 0| 0. 86| Day 3| 1| 0. 5| 1| 1| 1| 0. 9| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2. 1| 2. 02| Day 4| 1. 2| 1| 1| 1. 1| 1| 1. 6| 2. 5| 2. 5| 3| 3| 2. 5| 2. 7| Day 5| 2. 1| 2| 1. 3| 2| 1. 3| 1. 74| 3| 3. 1| 3. 2| 3. 2| 3| 3. 1| Day 6| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 5| 3. 5| 4| 3| 5| 4. 1| Day 7| 2. 5| 2. 5| 2. 2| 2. 5| 2. 5| 2. 44| 5. 5| 4. 5| 5| 5| 5| 5|Table 2 Breaking dormancy of Leucaena leucophala seeds Treatment| % Germination| | R E P L I C A T I O N| | 1| 2| Average| Rubbing on sandpaper| 0%| 0%| 0%| Clipping| 0%| 1%| 0. 5%| Soaking in hot water (50 degrees Celcius)| 0%| 0%| 0%| Control| 6%| 0%| 3| The experiment has shown that by clipping the seeds perhaps germination of the seed can be attain. Rubbing the seed with sandpaper can break the dormancy as well as i t can also break and kill the seed. Soaking the seeds in hot water can also break the hardness of the coat of the seed thus can also kill the developing parts of the seeds of the plant.Clipping can be considered as an effective way of breaking the dormancy of the seed thus in some unexpected ways or inaccurate work, the seeds may be damaged and may not germinate. Table 3. 1 Effect of initial moisture content on the storability of rice seeds I. Effect of initial moisture content on the storability of rice seeds Treatment| % Germination| | R E P L I C A T I O N| | 1| 2| Average| | After 3 days| After 7 days| After 3 days| After 7 days| | 11% moisture content| 12%| | 12%| | 16%| 20% moisture content| 0%| 16%| 0%| 12%| 14%|The results have shown that the rice seed treated with 11% moisture content have higher percent of germination as compared with the rice seed treated with 20% moisture content. Rice seeds are known to be an orthodox type of seeds. Orthodox type of seeds are seeds whic h are needed to be stored with low moisture content under conditions at low temperature and low humidity. This means that in order to attain and make the seeds germinate these seeds must be maintained at low moisture content. Table 3. 2 Storability of recalcitrant seeds Treatment| % Germination after one week| Freshly extracted| 80%|Stored for one week| 0%| The results have shown that the cacao seeds which are freshly extracted have higher percent of germination as compared with the cacao seeds stored for one week. Cacao seeds are known to be recalcitrant type of seeds. This means that this type of seeds should have been planted after they are extracted. These seeds should not be stored long to attain a high percent of germination. Since the seeds are stored for seven days or one week the seeds will no longer germinate because it has already dried up and this type of seed must be stored without reduction in their moisture.

Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity - Research Paper Example Managing diversity properly leads to healthy organization of these differences which results in a dynamic milieu where every individual is appreciated and cherished which makes him employ his abilities successfully to accomplish the societal objectives in general and organizational goals in particular. On the other hand, mismanagement of diversity may lead to violence, aggression and revulsion among people. On individual level, diversity helps one to come out of challenging situations by being flexible to troubles. If we talk about business world in United States which is a diverse nation, people of different races and ethnic background are working actively because of the involvement of more women and immigrants. This diversity is necessary for staying in competition with the outer world and ensuring higher productivity. Characteristics that come under the umbrella term of diversity, also sometimes called dimensions of diversity, include age, race, ethnicity, gender, culture, heritage, cognitive approach, beliefs, mental or physical abnormality, socio-economic and educational background, customs and traditions, norms and values, geographical status, religion, art, language, nuptial and family status, political following, sexual orientation, food habits, and etcetera. Every individual is unique but belongs to an identity group at the same time that identifies him. Some of the characteristics are chosen by the individual himself (such as religious beliefs, political affiliation and marital status) while some are given to him by nature or society (such as language, race and ethnicity). Sweetman (2004, p. 2) asserts that diversity can be understood in two dimensions, that is, primary and secondary diversity. He states that primary diversity comprises of those characteristics that an individual cannot alter for himself, such as, â€Å"sex, race or ethnicity, age, physical abilities and qualities, and

PRODUCTION IN THE WORK PLACE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PRODUCTION IN THE WORK PLACE - Research Paper Example In recognition of this commitment, we will strive to deliver high quality, cost-effective health care in the communities that we serve. The resources and research of Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) back us. HCA is one of the largest healthcare organizations in the country. Elevator Speech Each person has their own strengths and attributes that they can apply in the workplace to ensure attainment of organization’s goals and objectives. I believe if these are applied in the workplace they can greatly enhance productivity. Personally, I am a hard worker, a self starter and detailed oriented person, and with this I can impact positively on the productivity of the organization. In addition, I am flexible and highly adaptable to change regarding new initiatives or processes, and I enjoy leading such change with positive encouragement. It is always my pleasure to watch new operations in the organization gain acceptance and become successful, which also provides me fulfillment. I am also a smart, trustworthy and supportive individual who understand the importance of change. Furthermore, I have experience with multiple softwares such as hpf, meditech, artive among others. Hence, I believe with my personal attributes and strengths, interest in healthcare, as well as experience, I will make a valuable contribution to the productivity of this organization. ... A productive and committed workforce will drive the organization towards attaining its short term and long-term goals more effectively notwithstanding the various social and economic challenges facing the organization (Bulger & Reiser, 2009). Healthcare organizations must use the available resources wisely and efficiently to produce value quickly during tough times when the organization operates on tight budget. Sometimes the organization might resort to cut the labor costs to enable it gather extra funds to carry out other essential tasks aimed to improve quality of services. One of the greatest challenges facing contemporary healthcare organizations in their attempt to improve delivery of services is ways of managing the efficiently. For a team of healthcare personnel, key insights along with business intelligence innovation would yield substantial value in the short term (Bulger & Reiser, 2009). However, the team should also focus on mechanism and criteria that would help realize the long-term projections amid array of challenges. Apparently, the healthcare facility is particularly facing the challenge of managing the workforce that has always shown commitment to maintain patient volume ratio as well as caregiver hours. Similarly, the organization must maintain its focus of attaining labor costs. Nevertheless, the anticipated change in labor costs should not result to loss of morale and motivation to a hardworking labor force (Bulger & Reiser, 2009). Incidentally, many of the healthcare professionals will obviously feel demoralized by attempts to slash their wages and salaries following the drive to reduce labor expenses. The organization should largely focus on cutting expenditures on less productive labor, as well as activities that add little value to

Patient narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Patient narrative - Essay Example However, some exceptional charges are levied on optical services, dental services, and prescriptions. Services offered by this health organization includes; pathological services, emergency and urgent care, hospital services, dental services, GP services, pharmacy services, eye care services, sexual health services, mental health services, and social care services. In the United Kingdom, the infant mortality rate has reduced significantly; and the life expectancy levels have continuously risen (Baille, 2008); this has been noticed since the establishment of the NHS. Health surveys, most importantly, illustrate that patients are usually satisfied with services received from the National Health Services. Patient satisfaction is directly determined by the patient’s experience when dealing with the health services provider. This interaction is perceived in patient’s conscious and also subconscious mind. Patient experience is mainly about three main issues; delivery of the organization as a whole in the healthcare, the emotional and rational experience during the service delivery, and the intuitive perceptions of patients (Tschudin, 2003). Therapeutic effect involves the consequences of any medical treatment. The results of the therapeutic effect are usually seen to be beneficial and also desirable to the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct; is responsible for ensuring acceptable performance, ethics and conduct; for professional nurses and midwives. Nursing is a profession found in the health care sector. It deals with care on people, families and communities; so as to maintain, recover or attain quality health and quality life. Nurses are responsible for developing plans for health care, working in teams with therapists, physicians, the patient’s family, the patient, and other staffs in the team (Chin, 2008). The healthcare plan leads to treating of illness, so as

Rhetorical Analysis of a Discourse Communitys Practices Essay - 1

Rhetorical Analysis of a Discourse Communitys Practices - Essay Example Obviously, there is a considerable gap when information under the title is being passed over on one hand from professional to professional, and on the other hand, from a professional in the field marketing to a layman. Texts written in professional jargon typically suits the fellow professionals whereas texts written in plain English would, without doubt be constructed to suit the layman. When writing marketing papers it is imperative to distinguish the content for the two types of audiences. In the paper mentioned earlier, the content had been written to suit fellow marketing professionals. In marketing there are terminologies that cannot be easily deciphered by the layman unless they subjected the terms to a research. For instance, cause marketing, the seven P’s , copy testing, intangibility, investometer, low-end market, permission marketing, segregation, segmentation, warm marketing amongst others that were not contained within the paper whose title had been mentioned earl ier. Most of these terminologies are normal English words that would mean a different thing to layman, yet for a marketing professional the terms do have a relational meaning from the normal English usage. For instance, the term intangibility is an adverb and its derivative adjective intangible refers to ‘not having physical presence or unable to be touched’ (Soanes and Angus, 908). In marketing and from the usage in the paper it is used to describe the fruitless effort in assessing the value earned from performing an activity using tangible evidence. Hence, whereas it is proper to write an easily decipherable paper that can be read by everybody, technical languages associated with marketing will always prove difficult for those individuals who are not accustomed to the field. Although critics of technical writing argue that writing in marketing tone interferes with clear communication, it is important to note that

Utilisation of Electrical Energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Utilisation of Electrical Energy - Assignment Example The average consumption of electric energy around the world is approximately 19 % of the total electric energy produced. This calls for the specialized improvement in the lighting efficiency to save energy which translates to conservation of the environment. Different environment requires different lighting luminaries. The choice of a specific lighting luminary in a given environment depends on several factors. Some of the factors that influence the choice of lighting luminaires in given environments include the availability of natural light, the intensity of light required, the availability of energy sources – in this case electricity – among others. This paper discusses the common discharge luminary in different environments. The chosen environments include office building, an indoor – 5 –a – side – pitch, and Cul-de-sac street lighting Office Building For efficiency lighting in an office building, there must be sufficient source of light. This implies that the lighting luminaries used must have a high light intensity. Since the light is always switched on, the luminary must have the capacity to save energy. Considering this factors among others, the best luminary suited for an office building is Fluorescent Lamp. This is the best choice due to the following advantages: Fluorescent lights are cheap Fluorescent lamps generally have a very good luminous efficacy Fluorescent lamps have a very long lamp life (Ranges from 10 000 hours to 16000 hours). This implies less maintenance costs They come in large varieties of CCT and CRI Fluorescent Lamp Construction, Operation and Associated Circuitry The associated circuitry of fluorescent lamp is shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1. The associated circuitry of a fluorescent lamp. Construction and Operation In a fluorescent lamp, light is predominantly produced by fluorescent powders which are activated by ultra – violet radiation originating from mercury. This type of ligh t source is characterized by low – pressure gas discharge light source. Physically, the lamp is composed of a long tubular pipe that contains an electrode on both sides. This tubular pipe is filled with low pressure mercury vapour which is enhanced with an inert gas, in this case, argon, for starting. The emission of the light occurs in the ultraviolet region. The wavelength of the energy emitted falls in the range of 254 – 185 nanometres. The ultraviolet radiation produced is, then, converted into light by the phosphor layer which is coated on the inside of the tube. Most of the initial photon energy, 65 %, is lost by the dissipation since one ultraviolet photon produces only one visible photon. Moreover, the final spectral of the light that is distributed can be varied. This is by different combinations of phosphors. The CCT (Correlated Colour Temperature) of fluorescent light varies from 2700 Kelvin to 6500 kelvin. On the other hand, the colour rendering indices var ies from 50 to 95. Different fluorescent lamps have different luminous efficacy depending on their construction. The latest fluorescent lamp has a luminous efficacy of 100 lm/W. This excludes the ballast losses. The operation of a fluorescent lamp is shown in figure 2 below. Figure 2. The operation of a fluorescent lamp. Fluorescent lamps have an ever increasing current. This is harmful since it can destroy the lamp (National Industrial Pollution Control Council. Electric and Nuclear Sub-Council, United States. Dept. of Commerce, 1972). Thus, to correct this, it is designed in such a way that it limits the lamp current. This is seen in instances where it displays the negative voltage to counteract the ever increasing c

Fowlers Stages of faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13750 words

Fowlers Stages of faith - Essay Example FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 43 CHAPTER V 54 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 54 5.1. SUMMARY 55 5.2. CONCLUSION 56 5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS 57 5.4. FUTURE POSSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH AND SOME DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED 58 Bibliography 59 ABSTRACT 63 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Since the ancient period, humanity has constantly tried to understand people’s relation and position with the world, with the universe, with transcendental reality. The works of Plato and Aristotle offer how human beings may be able to apprehend their position in the cosmos (see Phaedrus, The Republic, The Metaphysics ). However, during the Middle Ages, when people’s nature is defined more in terms of their relation with God, faith seeking understanding has become an attestation of a person’s innate ability to ‘understand’ the person in relation with God. Nonetheless, the questions and the longing for answers do not end there. In this sense, the desire to understand the meaning of life, its purpose and its relation with God and Others have long been part of the questions underpinning human existence. This yearning has become more concrete in the midst of the angst rising from current human experiences, of the present human condition. In this regard, the necessity of understanding faith dimension in the lives of people in the contemporary period becomes more urgent as people try to find meaning and purpose for their lives. However, what is faith? Generally, faith is belief in the reality of a transcendental being. However, over the past few decades, a ‘different’ approach to faith has been given. James Fowler’s theory of faith development is considered as one of the most significant models of faith/spirituality development that has emerged (Stantrock, 1999; Parker, 2006). It seeks to chart the stages of faith within the chronological life span of a person (Fowler, 1981). As such, the model tries to explain the process by whic h individuals' perspectives on ultimate meanings and values change during the course of their life (Fowler, 1981). In this regard, Fowler’s stages of faith, the only recognized measure of faith development stages (Moseley, Jarvis, Fowler & Di Nicola, 1993), has attracted further studies, debates and added evaluation (Streib 2005; Parker, 2006). In lieu with this, the study will look into James Fowler’s stages of faith vis-a-vis Christian faith. 1.1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK As the study seeks to understand the relation between Fowler’s Stages of Faith and the Christian faith, the clarification of the connection between the two will allow for the development of more depth and deeper understanding of faith. This becomes essential as Fowler’s discourse on faith is considered as one of the most important developments in understanding the phenomenon of faith. Furthermore, it attempts to present the position that as Fowler’s faith and Stages of faith is used in addressing concerns in education, in counseling and other fields, it can be used to further explain the notion of faith within the Christian context. In this regard, if clarification of the connection between two conceptions of faith, then a wider and deeper appreciation of faith is possibly attained. It will enable people to discuss faith in seeming abstraction but in the view of concrete and measurable developments that is charted across a person’s life span. 1.2. Statement of the Study: The purpose of this research investigation was to use Fowler’

Effects of Advertising on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effects of Advertising on Children - Essay Example And the results have been studied by various researchers with Harris, Bargh and Brownell (2009) concluding that advertisements that directly target children leads to increased preference and purchase of the case products. Thus, advertisements targeted on children do more harm than good to the children. In as much as firms achieve their objectives through advertising to children, a lot of concerns have been raised on the ethical implications based on what Mason (2012) argues as the lack of understanding the basis of advertisement among the children. Such children would be unaware of the meanings attached to the advertisements. The ability of a child to understand an advertisement would be described on the ability of such a child to distinguish between advertisements and non-advertisements and secondly, in understanding that advertisements aim at persuading the target audience. It has been noted that at age 6, children have the capacity to differentiate TV programmes from advertisement s. Nonetheless, such children still do not understand the persuasive intent of the advertisements. ... In the United States, Mason (2012) indicates that children under 12 years old would spend over $13 billion annually on direct food purchases as a result of the popular advertisements which in turn influences a greater $250 billion on family spending. In the UK, an average child has been found to view an estimated 18,000 television advertisements annually compared to 40,000 and 16,000 in the US and China. Similarly, the growth in print media advertisements targeting children has been tremendous with Jones, Gregory and Kervin (2012) giving the example of Disney which now markets Disney Adventures and Disney Girl respectively targeting children over 6 and girls between 6 and 13 known to spend their money on toys, lip glosses, clothing and accessories. The Internet has been widely used as an emergent mode of advertisement among children riding on the findings that children spent a lot of their time on the Internet (Asadollahi & Tanha, 2011). Through online marketing, the frequently visit ed sites would have pop-up advertisements or sponsored advertisements which open up the children to a myriad of advertised products and services. Positive impact There are scholars who have argued on the positive aspect of advertising on children. Social advertising has been cited by Asadollahi and Tanha (2011) as a form of positive advertising where the objective would be to change the behaviour and attitude of the public and stimulate positive change. For example, the November 2002 to February 2003 advertisement on polio immunization in the US saw over six million children immunised. A research that was commissioned by UNICEF found out that over 94% of the respondents

Music and Social Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music and Social Change - Research Paper Example This paper will examine the reggae music genre, discussing its impact on society. Bob Marley, as well as other notable reggae artists, has a definite influence on the society as they advocate for social change through their music. During his brief life (1945-1981), Bob Marley rose from obscurity and poverty to international superstardom. Bob Marley remains the single third world artist to attain such worldwide acclaim. Bob Marley attained this status through charisma and ambition, and was it, not for these traits, reggae music would still be restricted to Jamaican ghettoes, which was its origin. Bob’s life changed when Haile Selassie visited Jamaica. Haile Selassie, the Ethiopian Emperor, was a cherished savior of Africans in Jamaica. Bob’s ideologies shifted after spending one year in America where he witnessed the evils of the free market, as well as the oppression of capitalism while working at a major corporation (Stephens 34). After returning to Jamaica, Bob established the Rastafarianism religion, which entailed wearing his hair in dreadlocks. Rastafarianism had a significant influence on Bob’s music as he sang about how the white race oppressed Africans. Bob’s main songs that speak to social change are Buffalo Soldier and Could You be Loved. Bob’s reputation transcended the controversy associated with his practice of Rastafarianism. He was regarded as a peacemaker, which is notable through his Smile Jamaica concert that sought to reduce tensions between rival gangs associated with two of the main national parties during an election period (White 124). Bob and his best friend Bunny wrote many songs that had a monumental impact on the Jamaican and global society. Bob used his music to send off messages of hope, love, and peace (Jah). At the end of all his songs, Bob Marley used the words â€Å"Jah Rastafari† to show his belief in Jah, i.e. peace and love.  

Computer Literacy Essay Example for Free

Computer Literacy Essay Thou shall not vandalize Web pages. Thou shall not shut down Web sites. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor’s MP3s. FBI agents are spreading a new gospel to parents and teachers, hoping they’ll better educate youths that vandalism in cyberspace can be economically costly and just as criminal as mailbox bashing and graffiti spraying. The Justice Department and the Information Technology Association of America, a trade group, has launched the Cybercitizen Partnership to encourage educators and parents to talk to children in ways that equate computer crimes with old-fashioned wrongdoing. The nascent effort includes a series of seminars around the country for teachers, classroom materials and guides and a Web site to help parents talk to children. â€Å"In a democracy in general, we can’t have the police everywhere,† said Michael Vatis, director of the FBI’s National Infrastructure Protection Center, which guards against computer attacks by terrorists, foreign agents and teen hackers. â€Å"One of the most important ways of reducing crime is trying to teach ethics and morality to our kids. That same principle needs to apply to the cyber world,† he said. Recognizing Virtual Crime Vatis and other FBI agents attended a kickoff seminar, titled the National Conference on Cyber Ethics, last weekend at Marymount University in Arlington, Va. Part of the challenge: Many teens still consider computer mischief harmless. A recent survey found that 48 percent of students in elementary and middle school don’t consider hacking illegal. Gail Chmura, a computer science teacher at Oakton High School in Vienna, Va., makes ethics a constant in her curriculum, teaching kids about topics such as computer law, software piracy and online cheating. She has argued with students who don’t see that stealing from a computer with bad security is as wrong as  stealing from an unlocked house. â€Å"It’s always interesting that they don’t see a connection between the two,† Chmura said. â€Å"They just don’t get it.† The FBI’s Vatis tells students, â€Å"Do you think it would be OK to go spray-paint your neighbor’s house or the grocery store down the street? On a Web site, it’s the same sort of thing. It’s somebody’s storefront or an extension of themselves.† Chmura tries similar messages. For instance, she asks a budding composer how he would feel if his music was stolen and given away online. â€Å"They do sometimes realize that when they’re copying someone’s product, it’s not just that 5 cent disk, but someone’s work that they’re copying,† she said. â€Å"I think they do come to appreciate the fact that it’s somebody’s salary they’re stealing.† Driving Home Consequences Vatis cites a long list of cyber crimes perpetrated by minors, including attacks on defense department computers in 1998 and the February jamming of major Web sites such as Amazon.com and eBay. He tries to drive home the consequences of hacking — including the resources it drains from his center, as law enforcement scrambles to find who is responsible at the outset of an attack. Authorities â€Å"don’t know if it’s a terrorist or a foreign military,† Vatis said. â€Å"It diverts very scarce resources of people who are trying to focus on crime, warfare and terrorism.† And children aren’t the only ones in need of training. College students and parents also are frequently undecided about what crosses an ethical boundary in cyberspace, where anyone can download pirated musical recordings. â€Å"We had some discussion about the legalities of whether you’re sharing something with your friend or burning CDs to sell at your school,† said Deborah Price of Lewisville, N.C., parent of a 14-year-old daughter. â€Å"I’m not real certain about Napster ethics myself.† Price — whose daughter uses Napster, the music-sharing service considered a threat to the recording industry — feels that computer ethics are an important issue. â€Å"I think it should be part of the discussion at the school,† Price said. â€Å"It’s only going to get bigger.† References: ABC News W A S H I N G T O N, Oct. 10 FBI Pushes for Cyber Ethics Education By D. Ian Hopper http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=119369

Action Plan for Diabetes Care and Management

Action Plan for Diabetes Care and Management Template for Action plan for Case Study – MM What is the goal/aspect of diabetes care/management patient would like you to help them with? MM does not want to go onto to Insulin therapy as she’s heard bad stories of insulin and losing limbs. She is willing to try anything else to see if it controls her diabetes. She feels a lot of her negative aspects in her life have been addressed she is working through them and she wants to lose weight and try to get her diabetes under control What action (s) will the patient take and when? The patient will currently try and relook at her eating habits in relation to her diet. She is considering batch cooking, portion meals and freezing them. She saw a leaflet in the waiting room about healthy helpings and asked if I knew anything about it. Advise her it was a group session meeting over 8 weeks looking at healthy eating, lifestyle and ways to put it into practice. It was also occurred no cost so she indicated she would look into this and let me know the next time we met. She will look at ways to increase exercise. We discussed this in more detail activities like swimming would take pressure off feet – she never learnt to swim. I gave her a leaflet for her to make contact with technogym in the area. A form of exercise with different equipment whilst body is mostly sitting on a machine similar to exercise club called Curves. She also indicated she was happy to consider more medication to control her diabetes and so to reduce her HbA1c and hopefully her weight. When will the action take place? The pt was away to go on holiday so not appropriate to implement any new medication change until she returns. She advised me she would keep an eye on what she ate while away and try to keep as active as possible till she returned to see me. On a confidence rating of 0-10 how confident is the patient of achieving their goal? (0=not confident 10 =very confident) 7 – she does want to change and move on with her life. She wants to be able to play more with her grandchildren. Who/what will help them achieve this goal? If MM can see and feel the changes she is about to undertake this will her motivated to keep going. Her Grandchildren are at the active phase and want her to join in with them – she also wants to join them and have fun. Support from her family as they want her to be more an active role member for the grandchildren. Who /what may stop them achieving this goal? Patient falls back to her old ways. If the family due to their busy lives overlook her and she feels she hasn’t got the support, if she doesn’t have weight loss this will deflate her confidence in achieving the goals. If she is not able to exercise because the planter fasciitis reoccurs this will disengage her motivation and could affect her diabetic control. As their healthcare professional what is your role? To provide ongoing support so to help the patient loose weight and try and bring her HbA1c back in line. Continue to be up to date with the information I give her in relation to external support to the diabetic clinic for example healthy helpings. Be able to discuss this with the patient so she is able to make an informed choice. Work along with the patient in the treatment options available to her. Be able to explain how the medication works to try and improve glycaemic control address the medication side effects and any other requirements she may have to perform with appropriate medication choices. I will work along with the patient so to enhance good rapport in order to alleviate any fears together try and achieve the required goals. Review Date 3 weeks Rationale for intervention(s) Nice (2009) guidelines when to consider medication options for diabetic control. Diet measures/ exercise education reinforced each time, essential part in the diabetic management. Triple therapy GLP1agonist receptor improves gylcaemic control. Works well with metformin and SU. MM’s BMI was greater than 35Kg. Its action to stimulate insulin secretion and delay gastric emptying therefore appetite reduction and weight loss. 59 Brief outline the intervention(s) considered with the patient and the evidence base supporting this intervention(s) provide references when appropriate Waddington (2011) like others comments on the weight battle in relation to diabetes suggesting to improve patients confidence in weight loss patients have to play a active role in the decision making process. Importance of getting this right is huge the current cost of obesity alone to the NHS estimated at 1 billion/ year Diley (2008) The ever growing problem which was made a priority by the DOH in 2004 is now a serious concern of the UK. That was 10 years ago how true was there prediction. It’s reckoned to surpass smoking as biggest cause of premature loss of life Diley (2008). Our aim to try and achieve weight loss Haslam (2005) goes onto to highlight this as a mainstream treatment. If there is a 10% reduction it improves diabetes control all round. Waddington (2013) compares the commercial weight industry organisations, similarly examining energy input versus output combined with exercise the aim – weight loss. Not a quick fix nor easy and can be very misleading. MM hereby commencing a free healthy dietary course similar to this via the NHS non biased. MM’s exercise limited but aware of the government’s recommendation of 30 minutes of exercise a day. Robertson (2009) and Mayor (2012) comment 70% of the population don’t do enough exercise yet a cornerstone of diabetes management. It in- expensive method use a pedometer to achieved 10,000 steps a day provides a visual encouragement tool Waddington (2009). Nice (2009) looked at randomised controlled studies and found that GLP-1 had a greater effect in reducing glycaemic control and weight loss over DPP4 or insulin. 265 Reflection of the consultation What? Description of the event Recent review with MM increased HbA1c readings a number of reasons. MM wants help to control her diabetes better and loose weight. Diet and Exercise discussed which treatment options. Liaglutide chosen as once daily injection. Prescription given to patient and return. Self home monitoring of blood sugars Reinforced due to increased risk of hypo with this additional treatment. So What? Analysis of the event Outside agencies discussed to assist with diet and exercise measures. Open discussion of treatment options MM decided to go with GLP-1 receptor agonist, Liraglutide was decided as good HbA1c reduction and weight loss and more suited for MM. Reiterated to patient the recommendation on the use of GLP1 for diabetic treatment. A requirement of HbA1c reduction by 1%, weight reduction by 3% in 6 months if not met then to remove treatment choice is advised by Nice (2009) Now What? Proposed action following the event Teach MM administration of liraglutide injection, site rotation, disposal of products, and storage of medication. Guidance liraglutides initial dose 0.6mgs to max 1.2 mgs. Greater risk of hypo’s due to additional therapy additional Blood sugar readings required monitor to be check set properly working. 194 References HARVARD DILEY A. (2008). HELPING PATIENTS TO LOSE WEIGHT: BEST PRACTICE FOR PRIMARY CARE. primary care nursing. 5 (1), 31-34 HASLAM D. (2005). THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGING INSULIN RESISTANCE AND WEIGHT. Independent Nurse. 16-17 NICE GUIDELINES (2009)The Management of Type 2 Diabetes www.nice.org MAYOR S. (2012).PHYSICAL ACTIVITY : GETTING PEOPLE MOVING TO PREVENT CVD. primary care nursing. 9 (2), 59 61 ROBERTSON C. (2009). WALKING YOUR WAY TO GOOD HEALTH. primary care nursing. 6 (1), 33-35 WADDINGHAM F. (2013). WEIGHT LOSS: WHICH METHODS REALLY WORK FOR PATIENTS?. primary care nursing. 10 (2), 59-62 WADDINGHAM S. (2009). HELPING PATIENTS WITH DIABETES TO WIN THE BATTLE TO CONTROL THEIR WEIGHT. primary care nursing. 6 (3), 115-117 WADDINGHAM S. (2011). NINE PROCESSES OF CARE FOR DIABETES. primary care nursing. 8 (4), 170- 173 Detailed case study 2 Consultation Review 1 MM Review Date 30/09/2013 Patient seen 08/09/2013 (3 weeks ago) What was the intervention Commencement of Liraglutide injections 0.6mgs for the next week and increased home blood sugar readings Patients assessment of intervention MM felt it was daunting at 1st at the thought of giving herself an injection. She was pleased that she managed to self administer her injections and thought it was that bad after all. We discussed aspects that we previously discussed before starting the treatment. She found she forgot to rotate injection sites, but remembered by the end of the week. She undertook regular blood sugar readings and they were starting to show 5 mmol/lit before bed and on waken 10mmol/lit. No side effects noted and patient dose of liraglutide was increased to 1.2mgs. Reflection of the consultation What? Description of the event A review on how the patient felt with her new choice of treatment and to assess if there were any problems experienced either the injection site, or increase in hypoglycaemia So What? Analysis of event On assessment MM was coping well with injecting liraglutide, no side effects were experienced. Increase dose of liraglutide to 1.2 mgs and reassess how effective treatment was in relation to the measurements of home blood monitoring. Reminded her to be aware of possible increase in hypoglycaemia to continue performing measurements as she had done previously. What now?Propsed action following the event Next review appointment was made for 1month asked her to bring in her blood sugar readings to assess effectiveness of treatment and no signs of hypoglycaemia. Also advised if there were any problems for her to telephone and ensured she had a note of the number. 130 Consultation Review 2 Detailed Case Study 2 MM Review Date 30/10/2013 Patient seen 30/09/2013 (4 weeks ago) What was the intervention Increased dose of liraglutide to 1.2mgs daily Patient’s assessment of intervention MM was feeling good within her. She had noticed a reduction in her blood sugar reading they were down and ranged between 5-7 mmol/lit for fasting levels and range 6-8 mmol/lit for day time. She had done well with site rotation. Experienced no hypo’s and generally felt well. Has reduced appetite and aware there has been some with loss. Along with the medication change she has completed healthy helpings programme and now actively addressed exercise regime and working towards achieving her 10,000 steps not managing that every day as yet. Reflection of the consultation What? Description of the event A review of MM’s progress of new medication choice. She is now taking maximum dose of Liraglutadie of 1.2 mgs daily. No adverse effects had been experienced by patient in relation to side effects or hypo’s. She showed good evidence of regular monitoring. She herself was more upbeat, more positive in terms of her diet, new exercise regime and new 3rd line therapy that was commenced. So What? Analysis of event Encouraged to see patient doing so well not experiencing hypo’s this is a particular area to be vigilant as she was already on a SU. If hypo’s were experienced then SU would be reduced and regular monitoring continued till blood sugar readings were stable and no hypo’s were experienced. A reduction in home blood sugar readings and wt loss of 2 kgs were noted. MM praised for efforts so far. What now? Proposed action following the event To continue with current treatment regime, to be vigilant of possible hypo’s to cont with regular monitoring or at any time she didn’t feel right. Telephone me if any concerns. Continue with her good diet and exercise regime. To return to practice for repeat HbA1c and weigh in 2 months to see how treatment choice was going. 193

Role of Risk Management in an Organisation

Role of Risk Management in an Organisation Task One – Individual Research Report The Task You are asked to research, critically examine and discuss the role of the ‘risk management’ function within an organisation. Examine and discuss the purpose of risk management within an enterprise. The purpose of risk management in an organization is to identify the possible problems before it occur in a business. Risk handling actions may be deliberated and raised as needed through the life of the creation or plan to alleviate opposing impacts on attaining objectives. Risk management is a constant and progressive process that is significant part of business. It address issues that endanger the achievement of objectives. Constant risk management method is practical to successfully expect and alleviate the risks that have serious impact on the plan. To have an effective risk management it should have a comprised aggressive and early risk documentation through the association and participation of related inventors. Technical issues are a main concern both early and during all plan stages. Risk management must deliberate both external and internal sources for schedule, cost, and technical risk. Examine and discuss the benefits of risk management within an enterprise There are a lot of benefits of risk management within an enterprise. Some of those are formation of a more risk that is focused on culture for the organization. In this the organization will implement ERM note that will increase the focus on risk. The senior ranks results in more conversation of risk at all levels. Discussion of risk and communication is recognized as a process to deliver information to senior management and also a way to segment risk information inside and through operations of the company. In that case it will let improved visions and decision making regarding risk at all levels. Regular risk reporting, ERM maintain better structure, broadcasting, and investigation of risks. Consistent reports can progress the focus of executive and directors by providing data that allows improved risk moderation decisions. Improved focus and perspective on risk. Efficient use of resources and effective coordination of regulatory and compliance matters. Examine and discuss each of the following risk management components explaining how they relate to the overall role of the ‘risk management’ function Reviewing of activities and internal environment The internal environment contains the manner of an organization, persuading the  risks awareness of its people, and the foundation for all other people. It provide  discipline and structure that the people will follow to avoid risk management. Internal  environment factors include an individual’s risk management and it over sight by the  board of directors its integrity, ethical values and competence of the individual. An  organization’s internal environment has a significant impact on how enterprise risk  management is implemented and functions on an ongoing basis. Setting objectives Objectives are set in every organization or business in order to evade risk management. Establishing a basis for operations, reporting, and compliance objectives. Every  Individual have a different risks from internal and external sources, and a qualification  active incident, documentation of risk assessment, and risk response to establish  objectives aligned with the individual risk desire which drives risk tolerance levels for  the object. Also objective is the guide that one business should follow  in order to have a good outcome. Event identification Management identifies potential event that will affect the individual and determines whether they represent opportunities that might adversely affect the individual ability to successfully implement strategy and they will achieve their objectives. Event should be positive impact so that no rick will develop in individual which will lead the management assessment and response. Risk assessment with particular reference to the impact and likelihood of risk Risk assessment allows a person to deliberate the level to which potential events have  an impact in achieving the objectives. In risk assessment it can be qualitative or  quantitative methods wherein they can used questionnaires that they can distributed to  the employee and the company or business owner will be able to determine what the  risk management problem in the company. They will assess it together with the top  management and the board to develop a certain solution that will help them  in resolving the risk management. Risk response plans After assessing the relevant risk, management now determines how will respond. Responses may include risk avoidance, reduction, sharing, and acceptance. In  seeing its response, management assesses the result on risk likelihood and impact,  as well as costs and benefits. Management identifies any opportunities that might be  available. At the completion of its risk response actions, management may have a view  of individual risks and responses and their place with associated acceptance. Control activities Procedure and policies that help ensure that the management risk respond is carried out  is the control activities. Also the activities happen all over the organization in all  functions and levels. Control activities include a variety of activities such as  reconciliations, authorizations, verifications, approval and reviews of operating  performance also segregation of duties and security of assets. Control activities generally  established to ensure risk responses are appropriately carried out by individual with  respect to certain objectives. Information and communication Relevant information is identified, taken, and communicated in a form and now the  people are given timeframe that enable them to carry out their responsibilities. Information gathered are generated as data. That information will provide the  management the risk that they need to resolved and making informed decisions relative  to objectives. Effective communication also have an important role in risk management,  it is one of the important factors in a company. All workers must get a clear message  from the management that enterprise risk management responsibilities must be taken  seriously. They should understand their own role in enterprise risk management, as well  as how they will relate the activities to their work and to the work of others. They must  have a means of communicating significant information upstream. There is also effective  communication with external parties, for example customers, suppliers, regulators, and  shareholders. Monitoring Enterprise risk management is monitoring and assessing the presence and functioning of its mechanisms over time. This is being done through ongoing monitoring activities. The management do evaluation to monitor the performance of the people. Through evaluation they will know if the people in the company are implementing the objectives and no risk management will happen. Ongoing monitoring occurs in the normal course of management activities. The opportunity and occurrence of separate evaluations will depend mainly on the assessment of risks and the effectiveness of constant monitoring actions. Enterprise risk management deficiencies are reported to top management and the board.

Nightjohn And Number The Stars :: essays research papers

In Nightjohn there were a number of facts, details and incidents that contribute to the historical accuracy of the book. I have outlined some of the more specific examples as follows:There was a man who risked his life for the sake of teaching the other children in the surrounding plantations how to read and write. The owner of the plantation whipped his slaves for moving too slow and did go out with dogs and two field hands after any of the slaves if they decide to run. He brings two field hands with him so they can see what happens and retell the story back at the quarters. He does this basically so everyone will be horrified and won't decide to escape.Reading and writing was strictly forbidden because the owner wanted to keep them ignorant so they wouldn't rebel against him.Once a female got her "troubles" [menstrual cycle] they would be sent off to the breeding sheds to reproduce.The "mammy" took care of all the young ones until they were old enough to go out and work in the fields.The slaves were forced to eat from a trough like animals. The mammy would pray with her head inside a kettle so that the owners would not hear her pray. Praying, too, was strictly forbidden. Number the Stars contains even more facts, details and incidents that contribute to the historical accuracy of the book. They are outlined below:King Christian X was a King during the time of war in Denmark. He also surrendered to the Germans in 1940 because of the fact that "the country was small and undefended, with no army of any size." (Lowry 134). "It is true that he (King Christian) rode alone on his horse from the palace every morning, unguarded, and greeted his people." (Lowry 134). The German soldiers occupied Denmark for five years. The Germans controlled the rail system, hospitals, schools, government, and even the newspapers.The story about the soldier who saw King Christian ride by on his horse one morning and asked a boy "Where is his body guard?" to which the boy replied "All of Denmark is his bodyguard", is in fact, true. On August 1943, the Danes did sink their entire navy in Copenhagen harbor before the Germans came to take the ships for their own use. Also in 1943, anyone who gathered to worship at the synagogue, were warned by the rabbi that they were going to be taken and "relocated" by the Germans.

The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One

Beginning of the war   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World war I began in the Balkans, which was the same place many small war took place. The assassination of the Archduke Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir of the throne of Austria-Hungary; he hoped that his sympathy for the Slavs would ease the tension between Austria-Hungary and the Balkans. He and his wife had arranged to tour Bosnia. As the couple rode through Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, an Asian by the name of Gavrillo Principe jumped on their car and fired two shots. Francis and Sophie, did almost instantly, Gavirle Principe, was linked to a Serbian terrorist group called the Block hand. The Assignation gave Austria-Hungary a good reason to crush Serbia, a lay time emerge in the Balkans. But first they gained Germanys promise to support them in any action they took against Serbia. Then they sent Serbia a list of Humiliating demands on July 23. Serbia accepted most of the demands and offered to have the rest settled by an international conference. Austria-Hungary rejected the offer and declared war on Serbia on July 28 1914. It was expected to be a quick victory. The western front   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany had a war plan witch had been prepared by Alfred von Schliffer in 1905. Schliffen was the chief of the German General staff; witch was a group of officials who provided advice on military operations. The plan assumed Germany would have to fight both France and Russia a quick defeat of France while Russia was slowly mobilizing. After they defeated France they would have to deal with Russia. If war came Germany would have to strike first. After the plan was put in motion, the system of military alliances almost assured a general European war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plan said that there was suppose to be 2 wing of the German army to come in and crush the French arm in a pinchers move. The left wing would be smaller to defeat Germany along side of France. The larger right wing was supposed to invade French in through Belgium, encircle and capture the capitol of France and then move east. This plan relied on a big right wing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Belgin army was fighting tough and holding up the Germans but only for a short time. By Aug. 16, 1914 the right wing of the German army could begin its pincher move. They drove back the French and a small British force in southern Belgium.

Comparing William Blake and William Wordsworth

Sonnet 18 In Sonnet 18, William Shakespeare begins by considering what metaphorical comparisons would best reflect the young man, in fact a typical convention of Renaissance poems is to compare beauty and youth with aspects of nature. In the first and in the second stanza he develops the idea of summer: in the first stanza (the introductory part) he wants to compare the young man to a summer day, but he also says that the man is more beautiful and more lovely than a summer day; in fact, he knows, summer can be very short and the weather is changeable: sometimes it’s too hot and sometimes the sun has disappeared, but he can’t be obscured.Then the poet adds that it is also true that, like a real summer, the young man’s youth will not last forever, because it is how nature goes (it’s temporary). The third stanza starts with an adversative, here the poet concentrates in the man’s beauty and he says that his beauty won’t disappear; not even death can take his beauty, because in poetry the poet is able to preserve the idea of beauty and youth. It is something like a promise: in the world of the poem, the young’s man beauty will never die, but it will go on growing in the minds of readers; Shakespeare wishes to preserve the young man’s beauty against the effects of time.The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or  Petrarchan Sonnet (Petrarchan sonnets typically discuss the love and beauty of a beloved). The theme is the transience of beauty, the poet tries to immortalize the young man’s beauty through his own poetry. Sonnet 130 This is a sonnet written for a dark lady, in which Shakespeare criticizes the idealising tendency of the most Elizabethan love poetry to compare the beloved with nature. Sonnet 130 is clearly a parody of the conventional love sonnet, made popular by Petrarch.In describing his dark lady, he is careful to emphasise how little she corresponds to the conventional idea of beauty of h is time; in fact from the sonnet we can understand that the woman is not beautiful: she doesn’t have soft hair, instead she has got black wire hair, she doesn’t have brilliant eyes and red lips , she has dark skin (breasts), moreover he can’t see the colour of the roses in her cheeks and her breath can’t be compared to perfume, her voice is not as pleasant as music and she doesn’t walk like a goddess.For him, however, the fact that she is not conventionally beautiful is an indication of her â€Å"natural† beauty; what fascinates the poet in his lady are the things that make her unique in his eyes, these things make her rare in a world in which the women have to correspond to an ideal notion of beauty. So Shakespeare ends the sonnet by proclaiming his love for his mistress, so he does finally embrace the fundamental theme in Petrarch's sonnets: total and consuming love.Romeo and Juliet (balcony scene) After seeing Juliet at the Capuletâ€℠¢s house during the feast, Romeo secretly return to see her again: Romeo, hidden amongst the shadows outside Capulet’s house, sees Juliet in the balcony; Juliet, believing that she is alone, professes her love for Romeo and her profound sorrow that he is a Montague. Romeo reveals himself and the lovers speak to each other.Romeo is very poetic when he speaks about Juliet, he is a platonic lover, in fact he describes Juliet as a perfect woman (he idealizes Juliet): he says Juliet is the sun and the moon is jealous, her eyes are far more brighter than the sun, they are so brighter that the birds sing all the time. He describes her using some of the conventions of courtly love and Neo-Platonism found in sonnets of the time.Instead Juliet, even if she has the passion, goes right into the problem, which is the name; she is more realistic and she’s worried because Romeo shouldn’t be there and if someone sees him he could die. The dominating image in Romeo and Juliet is light: Romeo associates Juliet with sunlight and stars and the light emanating from angels. Shakespeare's works are written in Early Modern English; the language used by Romeo and Juliet, particularly Romeo, is often lyrical.

Definition of Activity-Based Cost Accounting

The matching principle of accounting dictates that for every revenue generated, a corresponding cost should be attributed to it.   In order to determine the resulting profit properly, these components should be matched against each other.This has been the guiding convention of financial reporting since the practice of accounting became an integral part of the economy to evaluate properly a firm in a somewhat standardized format.Business firms, particularly, those engaged in production, adheres to the standards promulgated by their respective accounting standard-setting bodies.   However, as far as internal users are concerned for purposes of making business strategies, financial accounting is too narrow.As such, the management of a business firm can easily suspend this principle and adopt different methods of deriving cost information, as long as it would fit their specification.   This practice has different effects in the evaluation of the firm’s own performance.Throug h the years, several efforts were exerted to improve revenue and cost matching that provides relevant information for evaluation purposes, and one of these is Activity Accounting.   Activity Accounting has two phases: activity-based costing (ABC) and activity-based management (ABM).Whereas the first phase provides useful insights and feedback in improving competitiveness through effective resource management, the second one emphasizes continuous improvement of processes.   ABC is defined as a costing system in which numerous overhead cost pools are allocated using one or several non-volume related factors as bases.Even though ABC likewise traces direct materials and direct labor the same way as TCA, it traces indirect costs, not on the number of output, but on the activities involved in the production process.   As such, ABC is considered a more detailed and useful cost-tracing tool.To illustrate, assume a company producing two distinct products, Product A and Product B, has a ccumulated manufacturing overhead cost amounting to $1,000,000.00.   Assume further that it would take two direct labor hours (DLH) to produce Product A and five DLH for Product B, and total DLH for the whole period is 5,000.At the end of the period, there were 500 units of Product A and 1,000 units of Product B.   Finally, assume that direct cost per unit for Product A is $250.00 while that of Product B is $350.00.

Indian Literature Essay

Indian Literature, writings in the languages and literary traditions of the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent consists of three countries: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The political division of the area into three nations took place in the 20th century; before that, the entire region was generally referred to as India. For centuries Indian society has been characterized by diversity—the people of modern India speak 18 major languages and many other minor languages and dialects; Urdu is the principal language of Pakistan, and Urdu and Bengali are used in Bangladesh. The people of the subcontinent also practice all the world’s major religions. Throughout its history, India has absorbed and transformed the cultures of the peoples who have moved through the region. As a result, the Indian literary tradition is one of the world’s oldest and richest. Religion has long exercised a strong influence on Indian writing. The major religions of the area have been Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam. Throughout the history of Indian literature, certain religious doctrines have formed common threads. One such doctrine is karma—the chain of good and bad actions and their inevitable consequences, which result in the repeated birth and death of the soul. The mythology of the dominant Hindu religion portrays the deities Vishnu, Shiva, the Goddess (Devi), and others. This mythology has influenced Indian texts, from ancient epics in the Sanskrit language to medieval poems in the various languages of different regions to modern works in English. The Vedas, which are Hindu sacred texts, are the earliest examples of Indian literature. The Vedas were composed between about 1500 bc and 1000 bc in Old Sanskrit, also called Vedic Sanskrit. This language belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Indo-Aryan languages dominated northern India in ancient times, and Sanskrit became the major language of Indian religious and philosophical writing and classical literature. It also served as a common language with which scholars from different regions could communicate. No longer spoken widely, it is maintained as a literary language in modern India, meaning that people still use it for written works. The emergence of the popular religions Buddhism and Jainism in the 6th century bc gave rise to literature in Pali and in the several dialects of Sanskrit known as Prakrit (meaning â€Å"natural language†). Meanwhile, Tamil, a Dravidian language, emerged as the most important language in the south. A recorded literature in Tamil dates from the 1st century ad. Rich literary traditions have emerged in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam, which are modern languages that developed from Old Tamil and its dialects. Between the 10th and 18th centuries, the medieval dialects of the earlier languages evolved into the modern languages of India. Eighteen of these languages now have official status in India, as does English. As the different tongues evolved, a distinctive literature with particular styles and themes developed in each tongue. At the same time, Indian literature was influenced by the Persian language and its literature, which various Muslim conquerors brought to the Indian subcontinent. Muslims also introduced Islam to India, and Islamic philosophy and traditions affected Indian literature. After the British became active in India in the 1700s, English language and writing had a significant impact on Indian literature. Oral traditions have always been important in Indian literature. Many storytellers present traditional Indian texts by reciting them, often with improvisation. Others use song, dance, or drama to tell tales. In both its oral and written forms, Indian literature has produced great works that have influenced national and regional literary traditions in other parts of the world.

Willy Russell Wrote Educating Rita

Throughout the play Wily Russell successfully conveys the message that education is more than just passing exams. He does this by characterization, language, form and structure, society and history, all of which I will be covering in this essay. Wily Russell characterization of Frank and Rata allows the audience to be aware of each of their needs and exaggerates their changes by the end of the play. They act as needy educators, progressing, learning and teaching one another.Frank Is Rite's English professor, he Is drunken, delusional and generally, worn down by his circumstances such as his failed marriage and his Inability to continue writing his poetry, but he Is educated. Frank Is unhappy In life, we can see this as he has an excessive need to drink alcohol. In order to fuel his adulation he has taken on Open university applicants, â€Å"l suppose I did take it on to pay for the drink†. Wily Russell created Frank with a drink problem because it shows he is miserable in life , as he needs to drink to numb the pain and ignore his sadness.He is extremely self deprecating, â€Å"it's myself I'm not too fond of†, this is because he sees himself as being responsible for his failed marriage, he dislikes his robotic students and his poetry is unpublished, Frank knows that Rata will lose her originality, â€Å"you will have to abandon our uniqueness in order to pass examinations. I'm going to have to change you. â€Å", and therefore this Is a worry to him. These unfortunate events have led to Frank having a low self-esteem resulting in Franks abuse of his own body by way of drink.Frank Is a poor role model as he doesn't realism he needs to face his problems and change because he Is old, traditional, stuck In his ways, and thinks It's too late, this Is symbolized when Rata tells Frank to fit the door handle, Frank says â€Å"l suppose I always mean to† to which Rata responds â€Å"that's no good always meaning' to, is it? â€Å". I think this n essential part of Franks character because he needs someone to aid him and bring about the process of self-improvement, someone to show him that life is more than being unhappy and someone to boost his self-esteem, Rata.Rata is an opinionated, intimidated, open minded, honest, naive, working class, Lilliputian hairdresser going against expectations in order to seek an education. When asked by Frank, â€Å"What do you want to know? † she replies, â€Å"Everything†. Despite hurdles she has got to a position In life where she has the opportunity to change and she Is determined to do so, as she wants to know â€Å"everything†.Wily Russell has created Rata In this Individual unique manner, she neither fits the norms expected of her peers nor Franks ‘Robotic students', so that she is a breath of fresh air into Despite helping Frank later in the novel Rata becomes reluctant to do so as she starts to think that he is helpless, â€Å"If you could stop pouring th at Junk down your throat in the hope that it'll make you feel like a poet you might be able to talk about things that matter†. She realizes that he needs her more than she needs him and therefore moves further away from him.In the opening stages of the novel Rata is very eager ND determined to learn; this is unusual of Franks students and is the reason why he values her fresh uniqueness so highly. Wily Russell has given Rata great determination; this enables her to not only make significant changes to herself but also to change Frank because he admires her as do the audience, â€Å"l think you're marvelous†. Atone point in the play Frank is reluctant to educate Rata as he doesn't consider himself worthy to teach her without her Joining the ranks of his robotic students, however as usual Rata has the last word and wins Frank over.Wily Russell has characterized Rata and Frank in this manner so that they can learn room each other, although Frank sees his role in Rite's lif e as her educator he himself will be forced to accommodate significant changes in life by Rata. I think Wily Russell is very successful in reflecting on the whole of society's way of life through Frank and Rata, showing their differences and how education involves more than Just gaining knowledge of literature. It is important that as an audience we like the characters and we have a relationship with them so their well being becomes an interest to us.This makes the play more exciting and involves the audience because if something bad happens to the harassers it affects us too, if something good happens this affects us equally. A character can also be intentionally portrayed so that the audience dislike them, this still creates a relationship with the character and still involves the audience and an example of this portrayal of character is Denny. I felt angry when Denny burnt Rite's books because he was trying to deny Rata, an endearing character, of an education and I was happy whe n Rata moved out.Russell makes us sympathies with the two characters as he wants the audience to care for and be involved with Frank and Rata, also characteristic them to be endearing. He does this by making Rata confide in the audience and Frank as well as being extremely open. He makes Frank unhappy in life, miserable and self- deprecating. Instead of walking into the classroom and talking about literature Rata talks about other matters such as smoking â€Å"l hate smoking' on me own. An' everyone seems to have packed it in these days†, art â€Å"that's a nice picture, isn't it? And swearing, â€Å"it's the aristocracy that swears more than anyone†. When asked, â€Å"would you like to sit down? † by Frank she sharply replied â€Å"no! † as she is not a typical student. These hints of individuality make us like Rata because she is new to us as she is to Frank. Mire's the first breath of air that's been in this room for years†. She passionately tel ls us everything about herself and enjoys talking to us. We can see this as she says, â€Å"l talk too much, don't l? I know I talk a lot. I don't at home. I hardly ever talk when I'm there.But I don't often get the chance to talk to someone like you; her back and like her talking to us. We sympathies with Rata because she has had a hard time getting to a point at which she is able to have an education and she has difficulties in learning because of the issues at home. In Act 1 Scene 4 Rata tells us that she writes her essays at work because her husband doesn't like her doing it at home, â€Å"Denny gets dead marked if I work at home. He doesn't like me doing' this. I can't be bothered arguing' with him†.Some people may not sympathies with Rata because she often doesn't let Frank have a say, interrupts him and puts him in uncomfortable situations such as when she says â€Å"Look at those its†, this makes Rata seem over powering and insensitive towards Frank who is alr eady unhappy in life. The audience sympathies with Frank because he is unhappy in life and often puts himself own â€Å"Everything I know†¦ Is that I know absolutely nothing†. We feel sorry for Frank as we can see that he is a better person than he thinks he is. As we already have established that we like Rata the fact that she likes Frank makes us like him too.She tells Frank â€Å"If I'd got some other tutor I wouldn't have stayed† she also says he is scoring â€Å"ten out of ten† and tells him to â€Å"go to the top of the class an' collect a gold star†. We trust Rata that Frank is a good person. The popularity of a character is often dependent on another characters views, such as when Rata speaks badly of Denny, â€Å"l hint he's thick†, this hints towards what Dyne's character will be like in the play and straight away puts him down in the audiences eyes. People may not sympathies towards Frank in instances such as Act One, Scene Four whe n Frank gives Rata his work to criticism, â€Å"you want literacy criticism?I want an essay on this lot by next week† Frank could be seen as guilt tripping Rata because she will now be forced to return to Frank and speak badly of his work. This will be portrayed as hurting Frank as he is already fragile and could be seen as a nasty act on Rite's part, she will have to act superior to her professor and put him down. Frank misjudged Rite's character and put her in a potentially damaging situation, which caused Rata a lot of stress and discomfort, â€Å"What me? Some stupid woman who gives us all a laugh because she thinks she can learn† and â€Å"I'm a freak†.Franks efforts to include Rata in an upper class circle could have been seen as inconsiderate as she wasn't at the stage where she could comfortably fit in, he should have reassessed to situation to ensure he wasn't doing Rata any harm. Also, Franks reluctance to teach Rata could be seen as selfish because he is more concerned about himself losing her company than her being pappy. However, I believe that Frank was looking at the situation from both of their points of view; he was never trying to hurt or slow Rite's progression but instead, think what was best for her.As Rata becomes educated she learns about different aspects of literature such as sentimentality, subjectivity and literary criticism. She studies a number of authors and becomes knowledgeable of literature. We can see that Rata has learned about literature when Frank says â€Å"you recognize the hallmark of literature now'. She recites Blake from memory â€Å"O Rose, thou art sick† and is knowledgeable of him muff don't do Blake without doing Innocence and Experience†. She talks about Peer Gent, Blake and Shakespeare â€Å"We were talking about Shakespeare†.Rata can now make her own decisions about literature, Frank earlier commented that Rata would not â€Å"richer† if she looks â€Å"below th e surface†. Rite's newly acquired knowledge is vital in the role of the beginning of change. She uses her literary skills when talking to other students and making new friends. However this literature would not be important to her if she didn't want to change as she is using education to empower her, this would not be necessary if she did not desire change. Rata learns a lot about life throughout the play which shows that education is more than Just about passing exams.Rata learns that through education she can break away from the traditional expectations placed on a working class woman in the sass's and by the end of the play she realizes that education offers freedom to make choices in life. She also learns that education in itself does not provide a better life but does give her the empowerment to make change if she so wishes, â€Å"l might go to France, I might go to me mother's. I might even have a baby. I Dunn. I'll make a decision. I'll choose†. Education has giv en Rata a new unique outlook on people; she learns to see them for who they are and not for their class or literature knowledge.Through education Rata found new confidence in her ability to achieve much more than she ever thought possible, it opened up new horizons for her. By the end of the play Rata had knowledge of literature but more importantly she had a greater understanding of life. What Rata learned about literature will help her to pass exams and in the long run will only affect her in a small way compared with what she learned about life that will affect everything she does such as her thinking, reasoning, the way she treats others and herself.Education matured Rata and gave her skills and choices that will stay with her forever giving the message that education is about more than Just passing exams. Frank learns that he is a better teacher than he thought he was at the start of the play and learns to reinvent his teaching skills, â€Å"l wanted to come back an' tell y th at. That hay good teacher. † He sees that his knowledge has empowered Rata and has potentially made her happier.However, Frank may think that Rite's changes are bad ND feel responsible for Rite's loss of individuality as he did earlier in the play, â€Å"l shall insist upon being known as Mary, Mary Shelley', by saying this and referring to the author of Frankincense Frank is questioning his skills as a teacher because he think he has created a monster in Rata. Rite's open personality inspires Frank to face his problems more head on â€Å"If you could stop pouring that Junk down your throat in the hope that it'll make you feel like a poet you might be able to talk about things that matter†.In the earlier stages of the play Frank was hiding from problems such as his rink issues, unhealthy diet, relationships, lack of confidence and attitude towards Rite's education. Rata influences Frank because he sees the way she accommodates change in herself which in turn encourages him to take a close look at himself and the ways he too can change, she adds humor and Joy to his life helping him to not view himself so negatively.Following this process Frank learns to be more relaxed about life and face his problems rather than hiding behind his drunkenness, Rite's personality inspires Frank to be more light-hearted and reveal Franks true self. By he end of the play I think that Franks changes as a teacher are more important to him because he realizes that he has to power to influence people, now that he has discovered this it will be easier for him to practice and take into account when around him.What Frank learns as a person is still very important to him but by the end of the play he seems to forget all that he has learnt by reverting to his old ways, in Act Two Scene Three we find out that Frank gave a lecture drunk, â€Å"Passed? I was glorious! Fell off the rostrum twice† and says to Rata, â€Å"Sod them – no, buck them! , this shows that what Frank learnt wasn't as important to him because he choose to take the easy way out rather than the more beneficial way to himself. Russell uses Rite's language to show Rite's changes.At the start of the play Rata speaks in a crude and socially unacceptable manner. As she becomes educated she is inspired by Trash's dialect and mimics her choice of language. However, by the end of the play Rata reverts back to her old manners of talking like an uneducated woman. When Rata first meets Frank she speaks in a very strong Lilliputian accent and is very direct, she TTS people in uncomfortable positions, this can be seen when she starts to talk about an erotic painting using words such as â€Å"its†.Frank reacts to this by coughing and hastily looking down on some papers, this shows he is embarrassed talking about a sexual topic unlike Rata. Rite's language represents her as being uneducated, Frank speaks in a posh way, as he is educated; his vocabulary is wide and well chosen. T he different language makes it easy for the audience to realism and be reminded of their different backgrounds; language is a good comparison between the two characters. In the next scene Rata changes her language, she tries to speak like an educated upper class member, when asked â€Å"What's wrong with your voice? By Frank, Rata replies, â€Å"Nothing is wrong with it, Frank. I have merely decided to talk properly. As Trash says there is not a lot of point in discussing beautiful literature in an ugly voice. † Rata chooses to change her voice because she doesn't feel worthy of discussing poetry in her own â€Å"ugly' voice, she considers her newfound self to be of more importance than her uneducated self and therefore wants to rid of any relations to her old ways. She has lost her uniqueness and innocence that Frank valued so highly in her.I don't think this change in Rite's character is a positive one because it shows that Rata considers class and status to be more impor tant than a person, I think that this change will not make Rata any happier because she is only doing it to please Trash, and despite not knowing this at the time, it does not suit her other unique characteristics. By the end of the play Rata averts back to her original language, she says, â€Å"l Dunn. He's a bit of a wander really. But Vive never been abroad. An' me mother's invited me to here's for Christmas.I think this is because Rata has realized that language is an unimportant external change and doesn't make a person any happier. Rata is still liked by Frank despite her uneducated language possibly even more so because it gives her individuality. Rata language is probably similar to Russell own, as he is from Liverpool. Having Rata speak in such a manner makes the play appeals to people whose language is similar and will allow Rata to be easily related to by a wider audience. Wily Russell only has two characters in the play; this unusual amount helps exaggerate the differen ces between Frank and Rata.They create a culture clash as they were brought up in different manners; they have different backgrounds and now have different expectations for the future. In the past Frank was educated and grew up to live in â€Å"Former' an upper-class part of Liverpool. Now, he has lost all his aspirations and lives to drink, â€Å"l did take it on to pay for the educated because she thought â€Å"studio' was Just for wimps† and didn't try hard at school because it would have parted her from her friends, â€Å"if I'd started taking' school seriously I would have had to become different from me mates, an' that's not allowed†.Now, Rata wants an education, she wants to learn â€Å"everything† and her hopes for the future are to discover herself, â€Å"See, I want discover myself first. Do you understand that? † The two characters learn from each other. Russell has put Rata and Frank together because they educate each other, in terms other t han Just literature and examinations. They are moving towards one another's pasts and are both needy of each other. At this point in the novel Franks influences on Rata have been focused mainly in an academic sense, â€Å"assonance. Well, it's a form of rhyme†.Rata teachings have inspired Frank, â€Å"l think you're the first breath of air that's been in this room for years†; possibly even driving Frank away from his predicted future. Having two characters in the play makes it easier for the audience to hear Frank and Rite's opinions. It is easier for the audience to see how they are different I. E. In language. And finally, it makes the audience endear towards the characters because they are different and willing to help each other. We don't like one and dislike the other because we sympathies with them both and their different situations.However, there are some problems with having only two characters, the audience could get uninterested because of the lack of variet y created in the play. We only see the story from two different viewpoints and therefore have a limited understanding of the social effects and implications of the play. It could be difficult for the audience to fully understand the impact of the characters changes on Frank and Rite's family and friends as we are never given a first person account. Russell uses clever devices such as Dramatic Irony in the play.Dramatic Irony occurs whenever we see one of the characters say something negative of the other because we know they like each other through their body language and speech, â€Å"He glances at his watch, moves to the window, looks out, glances at his watch again and then moves across to the books. † In this case Franks body language clearly shows he is waiting with great anticipation for Rite's arrival. He also often compliments her to the point at which his efforts could be perceived as a little flirtatious, â€Å"irresistible thing like you†.Rite's speech indic ates she too likes Frank â€Å"Because you're a crazy mad pips artist who ants to throw his students out the window, an' I like you†. Rata shows her affection more openly than Frank despite her insult. The Dramatic Irony keeps Frank and Rite's relationship more interesting to the audience and makes the audience intent on watching the play as they want to know how their relationship ends. An interesting relationship is vital in this particular play because there are only two characters and so much of the play is dependent on their varying relation.The structure of the play changes throughout. In Act One Rata needed Frank to teach her, she was demanding, Hereford she controlled the action, said the most and always had the last say. However in the next act, Rata changes her voice and accent, attempting to speak like a member of the upper class and converses freely with Franks other students as she thinks she is educated and therefore is on their level. There is a dramatic revers e in roles at this point in the novel.It is now that Frank needs Rata, Frank needs to change doesn't need Franks help anymore and accuses him of trying to hold her back, now that she knows â€Å"what clothes to wear, what wine to buy, what plays to see, what papers and books to read†. Rata thinks differently to what she did before, Frank earlier commented that Rata would not â€Å"overcomplicated† Blake, but she now makes her decision that Flake's poetry is â€Å"richer† if she looks â€Å"below the surface†, this shows she doesn't think she needs Frank to tell her what to do anymore.The more Rata is changing the less dependent she becomes upon Frank. She makes independent decisions and believes she is better than Frank as she goes against his word, â€Å"l don't need you. Vive got a room full of books†. She adopts an opposite view to at the start of the play when she begged for Franks enlightening knowledge. Frank expresses his views to this chang e and says to Rata, â€Å"Found a new song to sing have you†, this suggests that Frank doesn't like Rite's change and thinks she is pretending to be something she's not.This change made me empathic with Frank because he is still interested in Rata and she is no longer interested in him. Frank has given Rata much throughout the course of the play and Rata seems unwilling to help Frank in return at his time of need. If I were to direct to play I would dress Rata in costume that symbolisms school life and education to exaggerate her change. She would be rearing a university scarf or Jumper apposed to cheap, second hand, common clothes representing an uneducated person of working class status, which she may have worn at the start of the play.Frank would be dressed in a messy, worn, suit and his classroom would be untidy and dusty especially the bookcase in order to exaggerate one well kept book hiding a supply of alcohol. The set is important because it is a part of Frank that is enticing for Rata, â€Å"I'm guan have a room like this one day. There's nothing phones about it. Everything in its right place. (After a pause. ) It's a mess. But it's a perfect mess. This use of costume and set would exaggerate both Frank and Rite's characters, providing a visual representation for the audience.Russell makes the audience think about society by using stereotypes and prejudices. His particular use of stereotyping raises a number of questions amongst the audience, concerning the following issues; society's influence, the government, the education system and personal values. Rata is a working class hairdresser, â€Å"you're a ladies hairdresser†, living on an estate in Liverpool, â€Å"our estate†, expected to stay at home and raise a family. This stereotypical working class woman trying to better resell makes us question our values.We ask ourselves whether or not it is right that society tells us what to do, is it right that Rata should be told to sta y at home with her harnessing husband and be forced to have a baby against her will, â€Å"Come off the pill, let's have a baby', or should Rata be allowed to push her family into uncertainty in attempting to better herself? In the 1970/sass the government overlooked the working class, they suffered due to the lack of investment made in the housing and schools, their chances in life were reduced and not cared about.The working class ere kept suppressed and unknowing so that they didn't start to question other peoples or the government's values. Most accepted the dreary situation, as it was hard to bring about change. Education empowered those who had it and those who audience see that it is not Rite's fault that she got into the miserable situation she did in life. Hearing of Rite's family personally made me angry as they conformed to typical stereotypes and were categorized by society, at first when reading the play I was cross that they couldn't see ahead and see any other aspect s of life other than theirs, â€Å"he's blind, he doesn't want to see†.However my mood and feelings towards Rite's family changed as my anger turned to sympathy. Denny is scared of change, he feels safe in his current situation because he knows it. He feels threatened by Rite's change and therefore he tries to stop her, â€Å"he'd burnt me books and papers†, Denny is not trying to change, unlike Rata Denny is following another stereotype, being uneducated he is not willing to change. He is safe in his world and doesn't want Rata to branch out and explore other aspects of life because this would mean change to Denny. Denny doesn't want to be affected; he thinks he is happy living in his cocoon.If Rata gets an education Denny will lose control and will no longer be able to conform to societies expectations of a man to provide. I felt sorry for Denny because to him Rata was having an affair with education, â€Å"Rata: You'd think I was having' a bloody affair. Frank: Are n't you? † This has the same effect to Denny as it would is Rata had an affair with a man, however having an affair with another man would be socially unacceptable and Denny would receive more support, instead he would be left â€Å"wondering' where the girl he married has gone†.By Rite's family going out, getting drunk and singing, â€Å"l .NET into the pub an' they were singing', all of them singing'. † They are accepting their situation but also trying to escape from it at the same time. Rite's mother says to her â€Å"there are better songs to sing than this†, this metaphor means that the family could be doing better for themselves. Rata wants to get away from this, she probably sees herself in her family and realizes that she needs to move on. Information about Trash affects us in two very different ways.At first Rata builds a picture that enables us to form an impression of an educated, refined woman from an educated family, Know she's dead classy. Y . Now like, she's got taste, Winnow like you Frank†, this information makes the audience happy because Trash now symbolisms what Rata is aspiring to and Rata is closer to achieving her goal of bettering herself. When Trash attempts to commit suicide we are distraught because Rite's dreams have been shattered, â€Å"l thought she was so cool an' together – I came home the other night an' she'd tried to top herself. Magic isn't it? â€Å".Rata has been crushed by someone she longs to be. The information makes us cross because we like Rata and sympathies with her. Wily Russell suggests there is a middle ground between the working class and the upper lass by making Rata a freethinker and giving her educated views on all aspects of society, â€Å"Just because you think we're all O. K. , that we're all surviving', with the spirit intact† and â€Å"he's blind, he doesn't want to see†, Rite's thoughts and attitudes toward the world are broad and are not limited like those of her family she can reflect on her own situations and is not â€Å"blind†.Without these views Rata would be part of the stereotypical working-class, this can be seen by Franks prejudice views on Rata before and after he meets her, he starts by saying â€Å"some silly woman's attempt to get into he mind of Henry James† and after meeting her changes his views and speaks fondly of her, describing her as â€Å"funny, delightful, and charming†. Rata feels as though she is out of place with her family yet also does not feel comfortable with Frank and his associates.My opinions on a middle ground based on Russell suggestions are that the middle ground is a classification of working class that aren't ‘stuck in a rut'. A middle ground is based on thoughts and attitudes such as Rite's open-minded thoughtful views. Choices in education in the 1970/sass's seem limited, especially to the working class. Just by writing the play Russell make's the point that it is highly unusual that a working class woman is having a higher education.Attitudes were also very bad concerning school and education, Rata tells us about her past views about school, â€Å"studying' was Just for wimps† and she is surprised she got another chance to go to university and get a higher education, â€Å"l was dead surprised when they took me†. In the early sass's it was even possible to leave school and start work at the age of 15, choices in education have changed vastly as it is now an accepted norm that a woman such as Rata could go to university.The descriptions of the education system make us cross as the government at that time didn't care much for education and a lack of investments were input to the education system. Rata shows that the old education system failed many that had the potential to be educated. However, she also shows us that against all odds you can achieve the unexpected. Russell makes the main point that education can be a form of escape; it doesn't provide all the answers but gives a person choice and empowerment. Education makes a person consider all the options and look at life from different aspects.Education is always the fuel behind improvements made in the characters and shows that Russell thinks educations main purpose is to improve upon oneself. Wily Russell is extremely successful at teaching us lessons about the purpose of education as most of the lessons learnt show that education is about more than Just passing exams. I think â€Å"Educating Rata† brilliantly raises themes of social class, education, relationships and personal changes; the play is a credit to Russell skills as a writer as he writes about serious issues in a comical manner, which attracts an extremely widened audience.